Jayles, Bertrand, Kim, Hye-rin, Escobedo, Ramon, Cezera, Stéphane
, Blanchet, Adrien
, Kameda, Tatsuya, Sire, Clément
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-4013 and Théraulaz, Guy
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-4215
(2017)
How social information can improve estimation accuracy in human groups.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), vol. 114 (n° 47).
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Abstract
In our digital and connected societies, the development of social networks, online shopping, and reputation systems raises the questions of how individuals use social information and how it affects their decisions. We report experiments performed in France and Japan, in which subjects could update their estimates after having received information from other subjects. We measure and model the impact of this social information at individual and collective scales. We observe and justify that, when individuals have little prior knowledge about a quantity, the distribution of the logarithm of their estimates is close to a Cauchy distribution. We find that social influence helps the group improve its properly defined collective accuracy. We quantify the improvement of the group estimation when additional controlled and reliable information is provided, unbeknownst to the subjects. We show that subjects’ sensitivity to social influence permits us to define five robust behavioral traits and increases with the difference between personal and group estimates. We then use our data to build and calibrate a model of collective estimation to analyze the impact on the group performance of the quantity and quality of information received by individuals. The model quantitatively reproduces the distributions of estimates and the improvement of collective performance and accuracy observed in our experiments. Finally, our model predicts that providing a moderate amount of incorrect information to individuals can counterbalance the human cognitive bias to systematically underestimate quantities and thereby improve collective performance.
Item Type: | Article |
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Language: | English |
Date: | December 2017 |
Refereed: | Yes |
Place of Publication: | Washington, D.C. |
Uncontrolled Keywords: | social influence, wisdom of crowds, collective intelligence, self-organization, computational modeling |
Subjects: | B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE |
Divisions: | TSE-R (Toulouse) |
Site: | UT1 |
Date Deposited: | 13 Apr 2018 12:49 |
Last Modified: | 23 Sep 2025 08:10 |
OAI Identifier: | oai:tse-fr.eu:32195 |
URI: | https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/25753 |