Alger, Ingela (2010) Public goods games, altruism, and evolution. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 12 (4). pp. 789-813.

Abstract

I analyze the evolution of altruistic preferences in a population
where individuals are matched pairwise to play a
one-shot public goods game. I determine the evolutionarily
stable degree of altruism, allowing for assortative matching.
The stable degree of altruism is strictly smaller than the degree
of assortativity. In particular, if matching is completely
random, spite is stable, and a positive degree of assortativity
is necessary for pure selfishness to be stable. Furthermore,
the stable degree of altruism is increasing in the degree of
assortativity, and it depends on the specifics of the public
goods game.