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Gay, Victor
and Milner, Benjamin
(2026)
World War I and Female Labor Force Participation: The Case of England and Wales.
TSE Working Paper, n. 26-1766, Toulouse
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Abstract
Combining district-level measures of World War I military fatalities with full-count census microdata, we show that wartime mortality increased postwar female labor force participation in England and Wales. Women shifted away from traditionally female occupations, while military deaths increased the shares of single and widowed women, whose participation rates were higher. Yet the overall effect of military mor-tality on postwar female labor force participation remained modest. A harmonized comparison with France suggests that stronger internal migration in England and Wales rapidly dissipated local marriage- and labor-market imbalances, while more generous pensions for war widows weakened their labor supply response.
| Item Type: | Monograph (Working Paper) |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Date: | September 2026 |
| Place of Publication: | Toulouse |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | World War I, Female labor force participation, England and Wales |
| JEL Classification: | J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure N33 - Europe - Pre-1913 N34 - Europe - 1913- |
| Subjects: | B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE |
| Divisions: | TSE-R (Toulouse) |
| Institution: | Université Toulouse Capitole |
| Site: | UT1 |
| Date Deposited: | 07 Sep 2026 07:54 |
| Last Modified: | 07 Sep 2026 07:56 |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:tse-fr.eu:132063 |
| URI: | https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/53966 |
