RT Journal Article SR 00 ID 10.1093/ooec/odad080 A1 Tirole, Jean T1 Competition and industrial policy in the 21st century JF Oxford Open Economics YR 2024 FD 2024-07 VO vol.3 IS supp.1 SP i983–i1001 OP i983–i1001 K1 regulation K1 divestiture K1 antitrust K1 industrial policy K1 contestability K1 mergers K1 data AB Large fixed costs and (direct and indirect) network externalities generate barriers to entry and high markups for winners in the digital industry. The potential for high prices, low innovation and abuses of dominant position as well as the contribution to rising inequality raise the question of how countries should regulate the industry. The tech giants’ dominance does not confront us with an unpalatable choice between laissez-faire and populist interventions. The commentary explains economic stakes, considers desirable adaptations of regulation in the digital age and draws some conclusions for policy reform. PB Oxford University Press SN 2752-5074 LK https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/49734/ UL http://tse-fr.eu/pub/129793