?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F48741%2F&rft.title=(When)+are+Lobbying+Expenditures+a+Good+Proxy+for+Lobbying+Activity%3F&rft.creator=Thieme%2C+Sebastian&rft.subject=B-+ECONOMIE+ET+FINANCE&rft.description=Lobbying+expenditures+are+widely+used+as+a+proxy+variable+for+measuring+lobbying+ac-tivity.+However%2C+the+validity+of+this+approach+has+rarely+been+examined+and+existing+justi%EF%AC%81cations+do+not+account+for+heterogeneity+in+lobbyist+compensation+formats.+I+address+the+question+using+unique+lobbying+disclosure+data+from+Wisconsin%2C+where+lob-bying+organizations+report+both+hours+worked+and+payments+received+by+their+lobbyists.+Strong+overall+correlations+between+changes+in+expenditures+and+hours+worked+within+organization-lobbyist+dyads+indicate+that+lobbying+expenditures+can+serve+as+a+reason-able+proxy.+However%2C+caution+is+warranted+due+to+substantial+heterogeneity%2C+with+con-tract+lobbyist+relationships+exhibiting+weaker+correlations+than+in-house+relationships.+I+conclude+by+providing+several+suggestions+to+improve+empirical+analyses+using+lobbying+expenditures.&rft.publisher=IAST+Working+Paper&rft.date=2024-02&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F48741%2F1%2Fwp_iast_160.pdf&rft.identifier=++Thieme%2C+Sebastian+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F259940348%3E++(2024)+(When)+are+Lobbying+Expenditures+a+Good+Proxy+for+Lobbying+Activity%3F++IAST+Working+Paper%2C+n.+24-160%2C+Toulouse+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Fiast.fr%2Fpub%2F129157&rft.language=en