?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F48132%2F&rft.title=Antibiotic+Demand+in+the+Presence+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance&rft.creator=Dubois%2C+Pierre&rft.creator=Gokkoca%2C+Gokce&rft.subject=B-+ECONOMIE+ET+FINANCE&rft.description=Antimicrobial+resistance+(AMR)+increases+hospital+stays%2C+medical+costs+and+mortality.+Antibiotic+consumption+and+resulting+selective+pressure+on+bacteria+can+create+AMR.+We+study+the+role+of+AMR+on+changes+in+prescriptions+of+antibiotics+in+France+for+treating+bladder+inflammation+(cystitis)+using+a+representative+sample+of+general+practitioners+between+2002+and+2019.+Effects+of+resistance+on+demand+and+substitution+behavior+are+identified+via+a+random+coefficient+logit+model%2C+controlling+for+the+endogeneity+of+resistance+using+antibiotics+sales+in+veterinary+medicine.+As+resistance+increases%2C+physicians+substitute+to+other+drugs%2C+and+we+test+whether+physicians+consider+predictable+resistance+evolution+in+their+decisions.+We+perform+counterfactual+analysis+assessing+the+impact+of+decreasing+veterinary+use+of+antibiotics+and+limiting+fluoroquinolone+use+to+treat+cystitis.+Both+policies+reduce+resistance+against+fluoroquinolones+but+have+opposite+effects+on+substitution+behavior+and+consumer+surplus.+Finally%2C+we+propose+a+method+for+the+optimal+pricing+of+rapid+bacterial+detection+and+antibiotic+susceptibility+testing.&rft.publisher=TSE+Working+Paper&rft.date=2023-07&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F48132%2F1%2Fwp_tse_1457.pdf&rft.identifier=++Dubois%2C+Pierre+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F172637546%3E+and+Gokkoca%2C+Gokce++(2023)+Antibiotic+Demand+in+the+Presence+of+Antimicrobial+Resistance.++TSE+Working+Paper%2C+n.+23-1457%2C+Toulouse+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Ftse-fr.eu%2Fpub%2F128309&rft.language=en