RT Monograph SR 00 A1 Tirole, Jean A1 Bisceglia, Michele T1 Fair Gatekeeping in Digital Ecosystems YR 2023 FD 2023-06 VO 1452 SP 53 K1 Platforms K1 ecosystems K1 fair access K1 price and non-price foreclosure K1 zero lower bounds AB Do users receive their fair contribution to digital ecosystems? The frequent accusations of excessive platform fees and self-preferencing leveled at dominant gatekeepers raise the issue of the standard gatekeepers should be held to. The paper provides a framework to explain business strategies and assess regulatory proposals. It stresses the key role played by the zero lower bounds on core and app prices in the setting of privately and socially optimal platform fees. Finally, it derives a simple rule for regulating access conditions and analyses its implementation. T2 TSE Working Paper PB TSE Working Paper PP Toulouse AV Published LK https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/48071/ UL http://tse-fr.eu/pub/128185