?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F47810%2F&rft.title=Testing+for+fragility%3A+a+valuable+public+policy+and+an+opportunity+for+postal+operators&rft.creator=Borsenberger%2C+Claire&rft.creator=Cremer%2C+Helmuth&rft.creator=Joram%2C+Denis&rft.creator=Lozachmeur%2C+Jean-Marie&rft.creator=Malavolti-Grimal%2C+Estelle&rft.subject=B-+ECONOMIE+ET+FINANCE&rft.description=Because+of+population+aging%2C+dependency+represents+a+major+societal+challenge.+While+some+of+the+issues+including+insurance+design+and+the+provision+of+Long-Term-Care+have+recently+been+studied+and+debated%2C+the+potential+role+of+prevention+has+been+mostly+neglected.+To+fill+this+gap+the+World+Health+Organization+advocates+deploying+throughout+the+territories+a+systematic+approach+to+the+prevention+of+loss+of+autonomy+called+ICOPE+(Integrated+Care+for+Older+People).+It+involves+several+stages%2C+starting+with+testing+and+screening+individuals+for+their+risk.+These+screening+tests+use+simple+tools+and+can+be+performed+by+persons+who+are+not+health+professionals.+But+the+deployment%2C+management%2C+evaluation+of+testing+requires+a+large+human+infrastructure+throughout+the+whole+territory.+The+national+postal+operators+through+their+ability+to+reach+each+citizen+at+home%2C+thanks+to+their+large+human+network+and+the+bonds+of+trust+forged+over+decades+between+the+population+and+mail+carriers%2C+may+provide+a+significant+contribution+to+the+screening+stage.+To+study+the+economic+foundations+of+this+approach%2C+we+present+a+simple+model%2C+assuming+that+a+certain+proportion+of+the+relevant+age+group+is+screened+at+some+cost+for+their+dependency+risk.+The+individual+risk+is+measured+by+an+exogenous+parameter%2C+which+along+with+the+individual+specific+expenditures+on+prevention%2C+determines+their+probability+of+dependence.+Screening+makes+it+possible+to+target+prevention+according+to+the+individual+risk.+Prevention+reduces+the+probability+of+dependence+and+its+cost+by+reducing+its+severity+or+delaying+its+onset.+The+cost+of+dependence+includes+that+of+formal+and+informal+care.+We+determine+the+optimal+levels+of+expenditures+on+screening+and+prevention+to+maximize+welfare+subject+to+a+budget+constraint.+The+budget+constraint+requires+that+total+(expected)+expenditures+on+screening%2C+prevention+and+on+the+care+of+dependent+persons+equal+a+given+budget.+Determining+the+optimal+policy+involves+a+tradeoff+between+screening+and+prevention+on+the+one+hand+and+caring+for+dependent+individuals+on+the+other+hand.+Our+analysis+provides+a+precise+description+of+costs+and+benefits+of+testing+and+of+providing+preventive+care.+We+present+and+discuss+the+conditions+under+which+a+universal+testing+program+is+desirable.&rft.publisher=TSE+Working+Paper&rft.date=2023-05&rft.type=Monograph&rft.type=NonPeerReviewed&rft.format=text&rft.language=en&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.ut-capitole.fr%2Fid%2Feprint%2F47810%2F1%2Fwp_tse_1433.pdf&rft.identifier=++Borsenberger%2C+Claire+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F058708928%3E%2C+Cremer%2C+Helmuth+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F058485376%3E%2C+Joram%2C+Denis%2C+Lozachmeur%2C+Jean-Marie+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F179825933%3E+and+Malavolti-Grimal%2C+Estelle+%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.idref.fr%2F070400318%3E++(2023)+Testing+for+fragility%3A+a+valuable+public+policy+and+an+opportunity+for+postal+operators.++TSE+Working+Paper%2C+n.+23-1433+++++&rft.relation=http%3A%2F%2Ftse-fr.eu%2Fpub%2F128072&rft.language=en