eprintid: 47425 rev_number: 4 eprint_status: archive userid: 1482 importid: 105 dir: disk0/00/04/74/25 datestamp: 2023-04-04 11:08:30 lastmod: 2023-04-04 11:08:30 status_changed: 2023-04-04 11:08:30 type: monograph metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Gasmi, Farid creators_name: Kouakou, Dorgyles creators_name: Noumba Um, Paul creators_name: Rojas Milla, Pedro creators_id: Farid.Gasmi@ut-capitole.fr creators_idrefppn: 069829721 creators_affiliation: Toulouse School of Economics ; Université Toulouse Capitole creators_affiliation: The World Bank ; GAEL - Université Grenoble Alpes creators_affiliation: The World Bank creators_affiliation: Toulouse School of Economics ; Université Toulouse Capitole creators_halaffid: 1002422 title: An empirical analysis of the social contract in the MENA region and the role of digitalization in its transformation ispublished: pub subjects: subjects_ECO abstract: This paper presents an empirical application and analysis of the social contract in MENA countries based on the conceptual framework proposed by Loewe et al. (2021). We suggest a simple operational model synthesizing a social contract's three main characteristics: Participation, Protection, and Provision, between a government and its citizens. This empirical "3-P" framework allows us to investigate the role that government provision and protection may have on citizen participation, which is particularly pertinent given the political and economic development of MENA countries. We compare our evaluation of the health of MENA countries' social contract to that of OECD countries, and find empirical evidence that the social benefits provided to citizens through improved delivery of basic services have come at the cost of impaired political Participation. This feature of the social contract in MENA may be considered one of the root causes of the social turmoil some countries have been struggling with in recent decades. Digital transformation is one potentially powerful channel through which the relationship between government and citizens can improve, and we find that it has a three-year lagged positive effect on the quality of the social contract in MENA and that this effect is inversely U-shaped. This suggests that structural and institutional improvements in MENA countries are called for before the quality of their social contract reaches levels comparable to those of OECD countries. date: 2023-03 date_type: published publisher: TSE Working Paper official_url: http://tse-fr.eu/pub/128020 faculty: tse divisions: tse keywords: Development keywords: social contract keywords: digital transformation keywords: MENA keywords: OECD language: en has_fulltext: TRUE subjectsJEL: JEL_L96 subjectsJEL: JEL_L97 subjectsJEL: JEL_O10 view_date_year: 2023 full_text_status: public monograph_type: working_paper series: TSE Working Paper volume: 23-1423 pages: 51 book_title: TSE Working Paper oai_identifier: oai:tse-fr.eu:128020 harvester_local_overwrite: pending harvester_local_overwrite: creators_idrefppn harvester_local_overwrite: creators_halaffid harvester_local_overwrite: creators_id harvester_local_overwrite: creators_affiliation harvester_local_overwrite: pages oai_lastmod: 2023-03-31T10:15:52Z oai_set: tse site: ut1 citation: Gasmi, Farid , Kouakou, Dorgyles, Noumba Um, Paul and Rojas Milla, Pedro (2023) An empirical analysis of the social contract in the MENA region and the role of digitalization in its transformation. TSE Working Paper, n. 23-1423 document_url: https://publications.ut-capitole.fr/id/eprint/47425/1/wp_tse_1423.pdf