TY - JOUR CY - Berlin ID - publications47176 UR - http://tse-fr.eu/pub/127980 A1 - Mehmood, Sultan A1 - Seror, Avner A1 - Chen, Daniel L. Y1 - 2023/03/17/ N2 - We estimate the impact of the Ramadan fasting ritual on criminal sentencing decisions in Pakistan and India from half a century of daily data. We use random case assignment and exogenous variation in fasting intensity during Ramadan due to the rotating Islamic calendar and the geographical latitude of the district courts to document the large effects of Ramadan fasting on decision-making. Our sample comprises roughly a half million cases and 10,000 judges from Pakistan and India. Ritual intensity increases Muslim judges’ acquittal rates, lowers their appeal and reversal rates, and does not come at the cost of increased recidivism or heightened outgroup bias. Overall, our results indicate that the Ramadan fasting ritual followed by a billion Muslims worldwide induces more lenient decisions. PB - Springer Nature JF - Nature Human Behaviour VL - Vol. 7 SN - 2397-3374 TI - Ramadan fasting increases leniency in judges from Pakistan and India SP - 874 AV - none EP - 880 ER -