Gollier, Christian and Hammitt, James K. (2014) The Long-Run Discount Rate Controversy. Annual Review of Resource Economics, vol.6. pp. 273-295.

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Abstract

The choice of the rate at which one should discount the long-term benefits of mitigating climate change is highly controversial. Both the level and the slope of the term structure of discount rates have been discussed intensively in relation to the determination of the social cost of carbon. Although some of the parameters of the problem are ethical and outside the scope of economic analysis, we claim that there are converging and convincing arguments in favor of using an annual real risk-free discount rate going from around 4% to around 1% for maturities going from 0 to infinity. Investing in climate mitigation yields highly uncertain future benefits. This should also be taken into account in the selection of the discount rate, though the appropriate approach is highly controversial.